Scandinavian Working Papers in Economics

SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance,
Stockholm School of Economics

No 117: Stylized Facts of Daily Return Series and the Hidden Markov Model

Tobias Rydén, Timo Teräsvirta () and Stefan Åsbrink
Additional contact information
Tobias Rydén: Department of Mathematical Statistics, Postal: Lund University, Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
Timo Teräsvirta: Department of Economic Statistics, Postal: Stockholm School of Economics, Box 6501, 113 83 Stockholm, Sweden
Stefan Åsbrink: Department of Economic Statistics, Postal: Stockholm School of Economics, Box 6501, 113 83 Stockholm, Sweden

Abstract: In two recent papers, Granger and Ding (1995a, b) considered long return series that are first differences of logarithmed price series or price indices. They established a set of temporal and distributional properties for such series and suggested that the returns are well characterized by the double exponential distribution. The present paper shows that a mixture of normal variables with zero mean can generate series with most of the properties Granger and Ding singled out. In that case, the temporal higher-order dependence observed in return series may be described by a hidden Markov model. Such a model is estimated for ten subseries of the well-known S&P 500 return series of about 17000 daily observations. It reproduces the stylized facts of Granger and Ding quite well, but the parameter estimates of the model sometimes vary considerably from one subseries to the next. The implications of these results are discussed.

Keywords: Higher-order dependence; mixture of normal distributions; nonlinear time series; parametric bootstrap; S&P 500; time series modelling

JEL-codes: C22; C53

50 pages, June 1996

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Published as
Tobias Rydén, Timo Teräsvirta and Stefan Åsbrink, (1998), 'Stylized Facts of Daily Return Series and the Hidden Markov Model', Journal of Applied Econometrics, vol 13, pages 217-244

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