Scandinavian Working Papers in Economics
EfD Discussion Paper,
Environment for Development, University of Gothenburg
No 25-11: Welfare Effects and Gender Dimensions of the Licit and Illicit Biodiversity Economy: The Case of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area
Herbert Ntuli (), Edwin Muchapondwa (), Boscow Okumu (), Byela Tibesigwa (), Moa Dahlberg (), Aksel Sundstrom (), Julieth Tibanywana (), Lydia Chikumbi () and Kgomotso Montsi
Additional contact information
Herbert Ntuli: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Climate Services Research Group, Pretoria, South Africa and University of Pretoria, Department of Agricultural Economic, Extension and Rural Development and Environmental and Policy Research Unit, School of Economics, University of Cape Town
Edwin Muchapondwa: Environmental and Policy Research Unit, School of Economics, University of Cape Town and Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Luleå University of Technology
Boscow Okumu: The National Treasury and Economic Planning, Kenya
Byela Tibesigwa: Department of Economics, University of Dar es Salaam
Moa Dahlberg: Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Luleå University of Technology
Aksel Sundstrom: Department of Political Science, University of Gothenburg
Julieth Tibanywana: Department of Economics, University of Dar es Salaam
Lydia Chikumbi: Environmental and Policy Research Unit, School of Economics, University of Cape Town
Kgomotso Montsi: Environmental and Policy Research Unit, School of Economics, University of Cape Town
Abstract: The establishment of Transfrontier Conservation Areas reflects efforts by governments to promote biodiversity-based economic opportunities while curbing illicit environmental resource extraction. Our understanding of the ways in which the biodiversity economy contributes to the livelihoods of communities living near protected areas is, however, constrained by the limited availability of data on illicit environmental activities. Based on a mixed method approach combining descriptive statistics and regression analysis, this study presents a novel approach to bridging this gap, using the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area as a case study. In this paper, our aim is to answer the following research questions: i) How does participation in the biodiversity economy (especially resource extraction) impact household welfare? ii) Does the impact differ across income distributions and according to gender? iii) Are there differences between the treatment effects of licit and illicit resource extraction?
Keywords: Gender
JEL-codes: Q10
55 pages, November 25, 2025
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EfD_DP-25-11%20MS-1137.pdfFull text
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