Scandinavian Working Papers in Economics

Working Paper Series,
IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy

No 2019:8: Explaining gender gap variation across assessment forms

Georg Graetz () and Arizo Karimi ()
Additional contact information
Georg Graetz: Uppsala Center for Labor Studies, Uppsala University, Postal: Uppsala Center for Labor Studies, Uppsala University
Arizo Karimi: Department of Economics, Uppsala University, Postal: Department of Economics, Uppsala University

Abstract: In Sweden, females outperform males on compulsory and high school GPAs by a third of a standard deviation, while males outperform females on the Swedish SAT by the same magnitude. We establish that GPAs capture different attributes and skills compared to SAT scores. Differences in motivation and effort explain up to 60 percent of the female advantage in GPAs, while cognitive skills explain 40 percent of the male advantage in SAT scores. The latter is accounted for by differential self-selection into taking the SAT. Our findings imply large effects of the choice of university admission criterion on admitted students’characteristics.

Keywords: gender gaps; student assessment; cognitive skills; non-cognitive skills; university admissions

JEL-codes: I21; I24; J16

34 pages, May 6, 2019

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