Scandinavian Working Papers in Economics
Working Paper Series,
IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy
No 2022:5: Earnings expectations and educational sorting. An ex-ante perspective on returns to university education
Nikolay Angelov (), Per Johansson (), Ariel Pihl () and Mikael Lindahl ()
Additional contact information
Nikolay Angelov: Uppsala Center for Fiscal Studies (UCFS
Per Johansson: Uppsala University (UCLS and Statistics), Postal: Uppsala University (UCLS and, Statistics)
Ariel Pihl: Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, Postal: Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg
Mikael Lindahl: Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, Postal: Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg
Abstract: We estimate means and distributions of ex-ante treatment effects for obtaining university education relative to high school. To achieve this, we conducted a survey which elicited earnings expectations associated with counterfactual educational choices for a sample of high-school students in Stockholm. We find average ex-ante returns to university to be 36%, with higher returns for females, those with high SES backgrounds, and high math scores. The returns vary considerably and are highest for those that choose university, but also positive and sizable for those who do not. Our results imply that students sort into education based on their comparative advantage. Nevertheless, our results suggest that an OLS estimator of the returns to university education should be expected to be quite similar to the average treatment on the treated effect for university education. Additionally, we find evidence that the positive ex-ante earnings returns to high paying fields, among those that do not choose these fields, can (partly) be reconciled by individuals expecting to be compensated through higher non-pecuniary returns to those fields.
Keywords: Ex-ante treatment effects; returns to university; educational sorting; subjective expectations
Language: English
56 pages, March 18, 2022
Full text files
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