Scandinavian Working Papers in Economics

Working Paper Series,
Sveriges Riksbank (Central Bank of Sweden)

No 450: Unconventional Monetary Policies in Small Open Economies

Marcin Kolasa (), Stefan Laséen () and Jesper Lindé ()
Additional contact information
Marcin Kolasa: International Monetary Fund
Stefan Laséen: Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of Sweden, Postal: Sveriges Riksbank, SE-103 37 Stockholm, Sweden
Jesper Lindé: Sveriges Riksbank and International Monetary Fund

Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the macroeconomic and fiscal impact of unconventional monetary tools in small open economies. Using a DSGE model, we show that the exchange rate plays a critical role to amplify the favourable impact of unconventional monetary policy while it attenuates the effectiveness of conventional fiscal policy to jointly boost output and inflation. We then use the model as a laboratory to do a case study of the Swedish Riksbank asset purchases and negative policy rates 2015-2019. We find that the Riksbank unconventional policy measures provided meaningful macroeconomic stimulus to economic activity and inflation, with the dual benefit of reducing overall government debt by about 5 percent of GDP. If conventional fiscal policy had been used to provide a commensurate output boost, inflation would have risen notably less, and the fiscal cost would have amounted to a deterioration of the government debt position with nearly 5 percent of GDP.

Keywords: Monetary Policy; Asset Purchases; Quantitative Easing; Negative Interest Rate Policy; Fiscal Policy

JEL-codes: D44; E52; E58; E63

Language: English

75 pages, April 1, 2025

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