Scandinavian Working Papers in Economics

Working Paper Series,
Research Institute of Industrial Economics

No 994: Trust, Welfare States and Income Equality: What Causes What?

Andreas Bergh () and Christian Bjørnskov ()
Additional contact information
Andreas Bergh: Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN), Postal: and Department of Economics, Lund University
Christian Bjørnskov: Aarhus University

Abstract: The cross-country correlation between social trust and income equality is well documented, but few studies examine the direction of causality. We show theoretically that by facilitating cooperation, trust may increase efficiency and lead to more equal outcomes, while the feedback from inequality to trust is ambiguous. Using a structural equations model estimated on a large country sample, we find that trust has a positive effect on both market and net income equality. Larger welfare states lead to higher net equality but neither net income equality nor welfare state size seems to have a causal effect on trust. We conclude that while trust facilitates welfare state policies that may reduce net inequality, this decrease in inequality does not increase trust.

Keywords: Social trust; Inequality; Welfare State

JEL-codes: D63; D69; H10

42 pages, December 12, 2013

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