Scandinavian Working Papers in Economics

Working Paper Series,
Research Institute of Industrial Economics

No 1160: Trends and Gradients in Top Tax Elasticities: Cross-country Evidence, 1900–2014

Enrico Rubolino and Daniel Waldenström ()
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Enrico Rubolino: Uppsala University
Daniel Waldenström: Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN), Postal: and Paris School of Economics, CEPR and IZA

Abstract: We compile data spanning the period 1900–2014 and up to 30 countries to study long-run patterns in the tax elasticity of top incomes. Our results show that top tax elasticities vary tremendously over time; they were medium-to-low before 1950, virtually zero during the postwar era up to 1980 and have thereafter increased to unprecedented levels. We document a strong income gradient in tax response within the top, underlining the importance to study even small top groups separately. Several mechanisms are investigated. Tax-driven income shifting between wage and capital income is important in the very top. Wars, financial crises, and country-specific effects and trends have bearing on top elasticities whereas standard macroeconomic factors and indicators of “real responses” do not.

Keywords: Economic history; Income inequality; Taxation

JEL-codes: D31; H21; H24; H26; N40

Language: English

74 pages, March 27, 2017

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