Working Paper Series,
Research Institute of Industrial Economics

Abstract: Treating development as the ability to participate in complex, non-subsistence, globally comparable activities, this paper proposes participation in elite activities as an indicator of global development. Using standardized rankings from 1970 to 2025 across domains, including sports, chess, supercomputing, and fine dining, adjusted Shannon diversity and Herfindahl concentration indices are calculated. Results show that global elite diversity has increased and concentration has decreased across all studied areas. Global convergence is nearly complete for the measure with the lowest bar (having a national football team). These trends provide a development perspective less sensitive to purchasing power parity distortions.

Keywords: Global development; Global inequality; Poverty measurement; Leisure and sports participation; Purchasing power parity; Welfare measurement

JEL-codes: D31; D63; I32; O10; O15; Z20

Language: English

7 pages, June 3, 2026

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