Working Papers,
Lund University, Department of Economics

Abstract: The Common Correlated Effects (CCE) methodology is now well established for the analysis of factor-augmented panel models. Yet, it is often neglected that the pooled variant is biased unless the cross-section dimension (N) of the dataset dominates the time series length (T). This is problematic for inference with typical macroeconomic datasets where T often equal or larger than N. Given that an analytical correction is also generally infeasible, the issue remains without a solution. In response, we provide in this paper the theoretical foundation for the cross-section, or pairs bootstrap in large N and T panels with T/N finite. We show that the scheme replicates the distribution of the CCE estimators, under both constant and heterogeneous slopes, such that bias can be eliminated and asymptotically correct inference can ensue even when N does not dominate. Monte Carlo experiments illustrate that the asymptotic properties also translate well to finite samples.

Keywords: Panel data; CCE; Bootstrap; Pairs; Factors; Bias Correction

JEL-codes: C12; C23; C33

161 pages, November 19, 2021

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