Scandinavian Working Papers in Economics

Discussion Paper Series in Economics,
Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Economics

No 3/2024: Will Artificial Intelligence Get in the Way of Achieving Gender Equality?

Daniel Carvajal (), Catalina Franco () and Siri Isaksson ()
Additional contact information
Daniel Carvajal: Dept. of Economics, Aalto University, Postal: Aalto University, Department of Economics, Ekonominaukio 1, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
Catalina Franco: Center for Applied Research (SNF), Postal: NHH, Center of Applied Research, Helleveien 30, N-5045 Bergen, Norway
Siri Isaksson: Dept. of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Postal: NHH, Department of Economics, Helleveien 30, N-5045 Bergen, Norway

Abstract: We conduct two surveys with preregistered experiments to examine gender differences in generative AI adoption and potential labor market consequences. First, we document a substantial gender gap in AI adoption among students at a top business school in Norway, with female students, particularly top students, opting out of AI use. Second, a survey of managers shows that acquiring AI skills would significantly enhance job prospects for top female students currently avoiding AI. Finally, we provide causal evidence on policy tools to close the gender gap in AI adoption. Our findings show that while generative AI could widen existing gender gaps in the labor market, with the right policies, it could instead be leveraged to help close them.

Keywords: Generative AI; ChatGTP; gender; labor market; technology adoption

JEL-codes: I24; J16; J24; O33

Language: English

121 pages, First version: March 14, 2024. Revised: March 20, 2025. Earlier revisions: August 5, 2024, August 5, 2024, September 30, 2024, September 30, 2024, October 31, 2024, October 31, 2024, March 20, 2025.

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